A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object. Force is measured in newtons (N). Forces are divided into contact forces and non-contact forces. A force ...

The application of acoustic and optical waves to exert non-contact forces on microscopic and mesoscopic objects has grown considerably in importance in the past few decades. Different physical ...

Physical forces and mechanical properties have critical roles in cellular function, physiology and disease. Over the past decade, atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have enabled substantial ...