For most of scientific history, chemical elements were identified through materials that could be handled, heated, weighed or ...

A complementary approach is to swap the helium gas for liquid helium, which has a much higher density. Sótér and colleagues found that this method could be used to measure very narrow lines in the ...

Much of our understanding of the universe and its mysterious phenomena is based on theoretical interpretations. In order to deepen the understanding of distant objects and energetic phenomena, ...

Cosmic rays (CRs) are energetic particles traveling through space at speeds close to that of light. They consist of atomic nuclei, electrons, positrons, high-energy gamma rays, and neutrinos, and are ...

The latest observations from Low Earth Orbit with the International Space Station provide further evidence of spectral hardening and softening of cosmic ray particles. The CALorimetric Electron ...