How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

The beauty of the DNA code is that organisms interpret it unambiguously. Each three-letter nucleotide sequence, or codon, in a gene codes for a unique amino acid that’s added to a chain of amino acids ...

For decades, biology has been organized around a deceptively simple idea: DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is translated into ...

Every time a cell divides, it must copy its entire genome so that each daughter cell inherits a complete set of DNA. During that process, enzymes known as polymerases race along the DNA to copy its ...

Determining protein structures requires crystals, but getting proteins to crystallize has long depended on a slow, unpredictable process of trial and error ...