Random number generation underpins cryptography and security 5,11, but establishing the a priori unpredictability and subsequent integrity of random numbers continues to be a major challenge 12,13. A ...

The protocol proposed in ref. 3 provides a complexity-theoretic guarantee of Ω(n) bits of entropy for a server returning many samples from the same circuit. This protocol is best suited for quantum ...

Randomness is incredibly useful. People often draw straws, throw dice or flip coins to make fair choices. Random numbers can enable auditors to make completely unbiased selections. Randomness is also ...

Even the most modern random number generators do not produce perfectly random numbers, which can be a problem for cryptographic applications. ETH Zurich researchers use entangled superconducting ...

Scientists at NIST and the University of Colorado Boulder have created CURBy, a cutting-edge quantum randomness beacon that draws on the intrinsic unpredictability of quantum entanglement to produce ...

Randomness is essential to some research, but it’s always been prohibitively complicated to achieve. Now, we can use “pseudorandomness” instead. Nothing is certain in the quantum realm. A particle, ...

Creating perfect randomness is surprisingly difficult. Even modern random number generators never generate completely ideal random numbers: small systematic errors can result in some numbers appearing ...